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Pseudolarix

Pseudolarix

Pseudolarix amabilis Rehder is a species in the Pinaceae family. Another name is Golden pine (Hangzhou), water tree (Huzhou, Zhejiang). The leaves are striped, flat and soft, spiral scattered on the long branches, 15 ~ 30 clusters on the short branches, radiate flat to the four sides, and turn golden after autumn, round like copper money, hence the name.

The wood texture is straight, the hardness is moderate, the material is slightly coarse, and the sex is brittle. Can be used as building, plate, furniture, utensils and wood fiber industrial raw materials; The bark extract, medicine (commonly known as soil park skin) help cure dense tinea and dyspepsia; The root bark can also be used for medicinal purposes, and can also be used as papermaking gum. Seeds can be extracted for oil.

Morphological characteristics

Trees, up to 40 m tall, diameter 1.7 m; The trunk is straight, the bark is rough, grayish brown, broken into irregular scaly pieces; 

The branches are flat and the crown is wide and tower-shaped; The annual long branches are light reddish brown or light reddish

 yellow, hairless and glossy, the second and third year old branches are light yellowish gray or light brownish gray, rare lavender brown, 

and the old and short branches are gray, dark gray or light brownish gray; The short rectangular branches grow very slowly, 

and the leaf pillows are dense into links. Leaves are striped, soft, sickle or straight, slightly broad upper, 2 to 5.5 cm long, 1.5 to 4 mm wide 

(young trees and spindles up to 7 cm wide, 5 mm wide), apex sharp or pointed, green above, slightly distinct midvein, blue green below, 

distinct midvein, with 5 to 14 stomata lines on each side, and stomata bands are wider or nearly equal width than midvein bands; 

Long branches of the leaves radiate out, short branches of the leaves clustered densely, flat into a disc shape, after the autumn leaves are golden.

Growth habit

It is scattered in conifers and broad-leaved trees at an altitude of 100-1500 meters. It grows fast and prefers to live in warm, rainy, deep soil layer,

 fertile and well-drained acidic soil mountain area.

Qian Qian pine likes light, is slightly resistant to shade at the beginning, and needs light to enhance later. The average annual temperatureis 15.0 to 18.0 degrees Celsius, and the absolute minimum temperature is less than minus 10 degrees Celsius. The resistance of pine to fire damage is strong.

Geographical distribution

Produced in southern Jiangsu (Yixing), Zhejiang, Anhui, Anhui, northern Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei Lichuan to Sichuan Wanxian border area.

Propagation method

Propagation by cutting or sowing. Seed selection should be more than 20 years old and vigorous growth of the mother tree. 

When the cones are not fully mature, they should be harvested early. If the seeds are harvested late, half of the seeds fall off with the seed scales. 

Nursery soil should be inoculated with mycorrhiza. Transplantation should be carried out before germination, and attention should be paid to 

protection and multiple mycorrhiza. Pine is a mycorrhizal tree, which should be sown in the forest. Or cover the seedbed with mycorrhizal soil, 

and the nursery land is suitable for continuous cropping. Annual seedlings are 15-20 cm high, generally stay in bed for two years, and afforestation 

with three-year seedlings. Seed harvest years, the implementation of live afforestation or artificial promotion of natural renewal, is also easy to succeed. 

The survival rate of cuttings of young trees less than 10 years old can reach 70%.

Cutting

Pinus chinensis is a deciduous tree, its propagation technology is mainly cutting, but also can be sown. Cutting is carried out in spring or autumn, 

especially in early spring, the survival rate of cutting is higher, generally up to 85%. Before sprouting in spring, combined with pruning, cut the 

branches 10 to 12 cm, its tip has 3 to 5 full buds is good. Put the cuttings directly into the seedbed, the depth of the soil is 6 to 8 cm, the spacing 

of the plants and rows is 5×10 cm, and pay attention to shade to prevent the soil from being too wet. After insertion, pour water, with 50 cm high 

plastic film bowshed cover on the bed, keep the seedling bed wet, and then set up 1.8 meters high shade shed on the bowshed, the material with 

double sunshade net, in order to circulate air, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. After rooting, remove the sunshade net layer by layer, 

gradually increase the light of the seedling bed, and finally retain the thin film bow-shed for wintering. In the spring of the following year, seedlings 

should be transplanted with more soil, and it is easy to survive. The planting season should be carried out from the winter leaves to the next spring 

before germination. Pine like light, should be sparse planting. After planting, the root soil is loosened 2 to 3 times a year, and pruning is not appropriate when tending.

Sowing

The results of the pine are obvious, generally separated by 3 to 5 years, and some even 7 years to produce once. The seeds in the cones of young 

trees are mostly empty, and the mother trees that have been growing vigorously for more than 20 years should be selected for seed selection. 

Seeds are harvested in October to November, and cooked after being spread indoors, and net seeds can be obtained from 8 to 12 kilograms per 100 kilograms of cones. 

The germination rate of the seed is generally above 60%. The seedling field should be mixed with the soil under the pine forest first, so that the mycorrhiza can be brought in. 

From early February to early March, the seeds were immersed in 40cc warm water (naturally cooled) for one day and night before sowing, and the sowing amount was 12 kg per mu. 

After sowing, cover with soil with mycorrhizal, with no seeds as the degree, cover with straw or other mulch, usually 20 days after germination unearthed, should be uncovered in time. 

A semi-shade environment is needed at seedling stage, and Bordeaux liquid can be sprayed on sunny days to prevent disease. Water and fertilizer management should be frequent 

because of the intolerant drought in seedling stage. Around September, into the vigorous growth period, but also to strengthen management, to promote rapid growth. 

Under normal management, the seedling height of the year can reach 10 ~ 15 cm, and the bed can be left for a year, which is used for the transplantation and cultivation of suburban greening. 

Because of the symbiotic relationship between pine and mycorrhiza, it is necessary to mix mycorrhiza soil in the new area for breeding and cultivation.

In spring, pine trees are planted before leaf buds sprout, and in autumn and winter, after leaves fall. Medium and small seedlings should be transplanted with more soil, 

and large seedlings should be dug up with mud balls.

Cultivation technique

Collect seeds

The fruit bearing interval is long, usually once every 3-5 years, and the cones mature in mid-to-late October. When the seed scales turn to light yellow, they can be harvested.

Healthy mother trees that are 20 to 30 years old and free of pests and diseases should be selected when picking seeds. After the cones are picked, they are stacked indoors to crack the seed scales. 

After threshing, they can be screened and then stacked in a ventilated and dry place for storage (12-15% seed yield).

The thousand seeds weigh 20-24 grams, and each kilogram of pure seeds is 20,000-24,000. The indoor germination rate is more than 80%.

Grow seedlings

As a mycorrhizal species, it is suitable to establish a permanent seedling base in the mountain 400-500 meters above sea level, or grow seedlings in the forest with mycelium in the soil.

Plain and hilly areas can choose a more shaded soil rich, moist, loose place to do nursery. After applying the base fertilizer, the ground should be prepared to make a bed, and the mud 

should be broken and the bed surface should be leveled.The sowing season is in early to mid-March. Before sowing, the seeds are soaked in warm water at 40℃ for 18-24 hours to promote germination, and then disinfected with 0.5% formalin solution.

Sow seedlings in line, the strip distance is 20 cm, and the sowing trench should be covered with a layer of fine soil. 15 kg of seed per acre. After sowing, it is necessary to cover with thin soil, 

and can be covered with burnt mud, so that some seeds can still be seen, and then cover the grass.

Two weeks after sowing, the seedlings were unearthed and 20 days after planting. After most of the seedlings were unearthed, the cover was removed.

From May to July, fertilizer can be applied 1-2 times a month, and ammonium sulfate can be applied 2-5 kilograms per mu. The seedling is 10 cm tall, and the bed must be kept for one year.

Before germination in the spring of the second year, thin human excrement or ammonium sulfate (2-3 kg/mu) was applied, and 60,000-80,000 plants were retained per mu after thinning, 

and the seedling height of 2 years was more than 30 cm.

Afforestation technique

After falling leaves in winter until the second year before germination. Commonly used 2-3 years old seedlings afforestation.

Afforestation density: 200-240 plants/mu. Plant row spacing 1.7×1.7 ~ 1.5×2m. The first grade seedling height of 2 years is more than 35cm, and the ground diameter is more than 0.5cm. 

The height of the 3-year first-grade seedlings is more than 50cm, and the ground diameter is more than 0.8cm.

Land preparation method: block preparation is not less than 50×1250px, the depth is not less than 500px. Planting hole bottom diameter is not less than 750px, depth is not less than 750px.

Pest control

Large bag moth. Remove the bags in time and burn them centrally; For young larvae, use 90% trichlorfon 800-1000 times liquid spray;

In the high mountain area far away from the mulberry garden, spraying with green worm bacteria, thuringibacterium, Beauveria bassiana, etc., also has a good effect.

Primary value

Economic value

The wood texture is straight, the hardness is moderate, the material is slightly coarse, and the sex is brittle. Can be used as building, plate, furniture, utensils 

and wood fiber industrial raw materials; The bark extract, also can make paper sizing; Seeds can be extracted for oil.

Medicinal value

The root bark can also be used as medicine to treat food accumulation, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, scabies pruritus, anti-fertility and inhibit liver cancer cell activity.

Ornamental value

Can be used as a garden, beautiful tree appearance, leaves clustered on short branches, radiation flat into a disc, like copper money, deep autumn leaf color golden, 

very ornamental. This tree is one of the precious ornamental trees, together with the south cedar, cedar, golden pine and North American sequoia, known 

as the world's five major park trees. Can be isolated planting, cluster planting, planting or used as landscape forest