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Rhizoma Corydalis Seed

Rhizoma Corydalis Seed

Corydalis is a perennial herb of Corydalis family. Tuberous; Stems erect, often branched, scales above base, cauline leaves, scales and lower cauline leaves often axillary tuber; Leaf lobes lanceolate, lower leaves long petiolate and petiolate; Corolla purple-red, transversed on finer pedicels, outer petals spreading; Fruit is capsule linear; Flowering in March - April. The original name of Yanhu was Xuanhu, which was changed from "Xuanhu" to "Yanhu" to avoid the taboo of Song Zhenzong.

Corydalis corydalis is distributed in Heilongjiang, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Henan and other places in China. Rhizoma corydalis is a shallow root plant, which likes warm and humid climate, is resistant to cold, is afraid of drought and strong light, and is suitable for growing in sandy loam, clay and waterlogging depression with rich humus, loose drainage and good drainage. Corydalis grows mainly on tubers.

Ancient Chinese believed that Yanhu vinegar can strengthen the power of qi and pain relief, and can also soften blood vessels, while modern pharmacological research also believes that Yanhu can play a stronger effect in acidic environment. The history of Rhizoma corylaris is published in "Kaibao Materia Medica". It has warm nature, hard taste, heart, spleen, liver and lung. It is a wonderful product for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, qi and relieving pain. Li Shizhen in "Compendium of Materia Medica" concluded that corydalis has "blood circulation, qi, pain relief, relieving urine" four major effects. Yanhu is also one of the famous "eight flavors of Zhejiang".

Morphological characteristics

Perennial herb, 10-30 cm tall. Tuber spherical, (0.5-) 1-2.5 cm in diameter, yellow in color. Stem erect, often branched, with 1 scale above base, sometimes with 2 scales, usually with 3-4 cauline leaves, scales and lower 

cauline leaves often with axillary tubers. Leaves bi-trilobate or subtrilobate, lobules trilobate or trilobate, with entire margin lanceolate lobes 2-2.5 cm long and 5-8 mm wide; Lower cauline leaves often long petiolate; 

Petiole base sheathed.

Raceme sparsely 5-15 flowers. Bracts lanceolate or narrowly oval, entire, sometimes slightly divided lower, ca. 8 mm long. The length of flowering is about 1 cm, and the length of fruit is about 2 cm. The flowers are purple. 

Sepals small, caducous. Outer petals widely spread, dentate, apical slightly concave, brachycuspate. Upper petals (1.5-) 2-2.2 cm long, petals and distance often curved upward; Cylindrical, 1.1-1.3 cm long; The nectary body 

is about 1/2 of the penetration distance, and the end is blunt. Lower petals with short claws, gradually increasing forward into broad petals. The inner petals are 8-9 mm long, and the claws are longer than the petals. Stigma 

subrounded, with long 8 mastoid process. Capsule linear, 2-2.8 cm long, with 1 row of seeds.

Growing environment

Corydalis grows in hilly grasslands. It likes warm and humid climate, but it can withstand cold slightly, afraid of dry early, and the rain should be uniform, especially before and after early April for the tuber expansion period, 

which needs "three sunny and three rainy" weather. It is a shallow-rooted crop, mainly distributed in the soil surface 3-7 cm, with rich humus, loose soil layer, fertile soil, and good drainage of neutral or slightly acidic sandy 

loam is appropriate.

Distribution range

Corydalis is distributed in Heilongjiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Henan (Tanghe, Xinyang), and some areas have been introduced and cultivated (Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan and Beijing).

Growth habit

Subterranean rhizome

Generally speaking, the germination rate in the growth of corydalis is 1-2, at most more than 4, and the growth temperature is usually 23-25℃. The rhizome will form underground at the same time of germination, and it will 

grow horizontally upward in the underground until 2 months later, it will gradually form a complete underground rhizome, which is often 3-12 cm in length. Generally speaking, the underground rhizome growth time of corydalis 

rhizome is about 3 months, and its fastest growth period is from early December of the previous year to the whole year of the following year.

Above ground

As long as the air temperature reaches above zero, rhizoma corydalis will grow and grow, and 7-10℃ is the most suitable time for growth. Therefore, the growth time of rhizoma corydalis is from late January to early February, 

which is the best time for emergence. The newly emerging seedlings show light yellow or light green, and the seedlings as a whole show a curved surface. This curved surface gradually develops into a plane shape until it finally 

becomes a dark green plane blade. When the temperature reaches more than 20 ° C, the leaves will gradually appear scorched, and dry out or even death will occur above 25 ° C.

Tuber formation and growth

Tubers of corydalis are usually divided into two parts, one is the tuber formed by the underground rhizome, and the other is the tuber formed by the inner regrowth of the lower rhizome. Among them, the tuber formed by the 

underground roots is usually called Zi Yuan Hu, and the tuber is re-formed inside the planted goose tuber, which is called "mother Yuan Hu" in late February, "mother Yuan Hu" is formed, and then "Zi Yuan Hu" begins to form gradually, 

its formation period is about 50 days. The fastest time for expanding and gaining weight was from mid-March to mid-April.

Propagation method

Corydalis grows mainly on tubers.

Planting method

Planting period: Late September to mid-October as the appropriate period, if delayed to mid-November after planting, significantly reduced production. Therefore, it is necessary to arrange crops before and after to ensure that Yanhu is 

planted in a timely manner and does not miss farming.

Planting amount: 50-60 kg per mu.

The next method: there are three kinds of drill sowing, broadcast sowing and cave sowing, which are good for drill sowing and easy to pull weeds and field management. Drill sowing: On the flat bed surface, along the furrow direction 

with a hoe along the furrow 5 cm deep to the flat bottom ditch, and then arrange two rows of Yuan Hu species on both sides of the ditch according to the plant distance of 5-7 cm, and cover the base fertilizer (pig, cattle fertilizer, 

garbage, etc.). After the headline sowing trench is planted, a second trench is opened, 11-15 cm apart from the headline trench, and the soil raised in the trench is covered on the tubers of the headline trench, sowing the tubers and 

applying base fertilizer in the same way, and so on.

Planting depth: 7-10 cm is appropriate, shallow planting is less underground stem branching, the distance between the underground stem segments is shortened, the underground stem segments are reduced, the tubers often overlap 

together, grow larger, but the number is small, the yield is low, the planting dark gray affects the bacteria, the underground tubers become smaller, the tubers are difficult to harvest, and the yield is low.

Field management

Fertilize

Application of base fertilizer: generally every 667 square meters of rancid pig and cattle fertilizer 1500 kg, superphosphate 40 kg, potassium chloride 12.5-15 kg. Before and after the "heavy snow", 7.5-10 kg of urea is used for water fertilization 

per 667 square meters. By mid-to-late March of the next year, every 667 square meters with decomposed human manure 500-750 kilograms of water pouring.

Application of winter fertilizer: before and after the start of winter, the ridge surface shallow soil once, according to 50 kg cake fertilizer per mu evenly spread on the ridge surface, and then spread a layer of livestock fertilizer, and then 

human manure 1000 kg per mu, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 30 kg/mu, and finally covered with a small amount of soil, this period of fertilizer is to promote the growth of underground tubers strong, more branches, long underground 

stem joints, obtain the premise of high yield.

Applying red head fertilizer: before and after the beginning of spring, when the seedling is 3-4 cm high, you can apply human manure 1000-1500 kg or 1% ammonium sulfate solution 1000 kg per mu in the morning and evening, and then determine 

whether to topdressing the seedling growth.

Weed control

Because of its high seeding density, rhizopus rhizopus cannot be ploughed and weeded after emergence. Even before emergence, due to the shallow root distribution and the growth of underground stems along the topsoil, soil weeding before 

and after start of winter should be light and shallow. Yuanhu is vulnerable to grass damage, pulling chemical industry, should be in the winter fertilizer, in the bed surface is relatively wet, with 5% cream efficient cover grass ling sealing bed, no backpack 

sprayer added 15 ml, 3 buckets of water per mu 45 ml, can also be used after grass.

Harvest management

After the harvest of "Start of summer", choose sunny days, dig and harvest with a special four-tooth small iron rake, and there are also machine harvesting. Divide the harvested Yuanhu into two levels, wash the soil impurities, rub the skin, 

drain the water, pour it into the boiling pot of water for 5-6 minutes, you can take it out and dry. Yuanhu is propagated by underground stems. Harvest to leave a batch of seed yuan hu, spread out for a few days, in a dry and cool place, the 

bottom first spread a layer of 17 cm thick slightly wet sand, put a layer of 13-17 cm thick seed blocks, pile 5-6 layers in sequence, the top cover sand, and then use the mouth cover to protect, storage for seed.

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