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Ophiopogon japonicus Seeds

Ophiopogon, a genus of herbs of the liliaceae family, having coarse roots with elliptic or fusiform small tubers in the middle or near the ends, which are light brownish yellow; The stem is short; Flowers solitary or opposite; Seed spherical; Flowering period from May to August, fruit period from August to September.

Liopogon is native to China, now distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Zhejiang and other places, but also distributed in Japan, Vietnam, India; Born at an altitude of less than 2000 meters above sea level on a damp hillside, under a forest or near a stream; It likes warm and humid climatic conditions with abundant rainfall and shaded environment. It is cold resistant and avoids strong light and high temperature. The propagation method mainly adopts the branch propagation.

Ophiopogon is a top-quality medicine recorded in Shennong Materia Medica, the first pharmacology work in China. Because its root is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine, it has become an efficient cash crop cultivated by farmers. Ophiopogon is also known as "Yu leek", its origin has such a legend: after Yu succeeded in controlling the water, he ordered the remaining grain to pour into the river, the river will grow a grass, namely ophiopogon, people call this grass "Yu Yu grain". "Materia Medica Yan Yi" and "Materia Medica Preparations" all recorded that Opopogon has the effect of nourishing Yin and promoting fluid, moistening lung and clearing heart, which can nourish heart Yin and clear heart heat, and has a certain effect of removing disturbance and soothing, which can be used for upset, palpitation and palpitation caused by heart Yin deficiency and heat.

Morphological characteristics

A small tuber with coarse roots, often enlarged into an oval or spindle shape in the middle or near the end; Small roots 1-1.5 cm long or longer, 5-10 mm wide, light brown-yellow; Subterranean stems are slender, 1-2 mm 

in diameter, with membranous sheaths on the nodes. Stem very short, leaf base forming tuft, graminaceous, 10-50 cm long, a few longer, 1.5-3.5 mm wide, with 3-7 veins, margin serrate.

The stem is 6-15 (-27) cm long, usually much shorter than the leaves, and the raceme is 2-5 cm long, or sometimes much longer, with a few to a dozen flowers; Flowers solitary or in pairs in bracteal axils; Bracts lanceolate, 

apex acuminate, lowermost up to 7-8 mm long; The pedicels are 3-4 mm long, and the joints are located above or near the middle; Perianth segments often slightly drooping but not spreading, lanceolate, ca. 5 mm long, 

white or lilac; Anthers triangular-lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm long; Style ca. 4 mm long, thicker, ca. 1 mm wide, base broad, tapered upward. Seeds spherical, 7-8 mm in diameter. Flowering period from May to August, fruit period 

from August to September.

Habitat of origin

Ophiopogon is native to China and is produced in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi (south) and Hebei (south of Beijing). Born 

at an altitude of less than 2000 meters above sea level on a damp hillside, under a forest or near a stream; It is cultivated in Zhejiang, Sichuan, Guangxi and other places. It is also found in Japan, Vietnam and India.

Growth habit

Ophiopogon prefers warm and humid climates with abundant rainfall of 5-30℃ to grow normally, and the optimum growth temperature is 15-25℃, while the growth stops when the temperature is lower than 0℃ or higher 

than 35℃. It requires large amount of water and sufficient light during the growth process, especially in the period of root enlargement, when sufficient light can promote root enlargement.

Ophiopogon ophiopogon has special requirements on soil conditions, and is suitable for slightly alkaline sandy loam with loose soil, fertile and moist soil and good drainage. Excessive soil texture affects the occurrence and 

growth of fibrous roots, poor root growth, excessive sand, weak soil water and fertility retention, poor plant growth, and low yield. Ophiopogon ophiopogon is most suitable for planting on the first and second terraces of river 

alluvial DAMS, which have flat terrain. The soil is mostly new alluvial soil with moderate soil viscosity, which can meet the growth needs of Ophiopogon. The first and second terrace of the river can form artesian irrigation channel 

network, and its irrigation conditions can provide the water demand of ophiopogon growth.

Propagation method

More use of branch propagation. In April-May harvest ophiopogon, dig out dark green leaves, strong growth, disease-free plants, shake off the soil, cut the roots for commercial use. Then cut the stem of the lower part of the 

rhizome, leaving 0.5 cm long stem base, with a white cross section, the leaves do not spread out, the rhizome should not be left too long, otherwise most of the plant after the production of double stem nodes, commonly 

known as tall seedlings. The root tuber of the tall seedling is less and the yield is low. Break the base of the pine into individual plants, bale with straw into small bundles, and cut off the tips of the leaves to reduce water evaporation. 

Plant immediately. The seedlings that can not be planted, the stem base is first soaked in water for a moment, so that it absorbs enough water, and then buried in the loose soil in the shade, and poured water once a day or every 

other day, but the time must not exceed 5 days, otherwise the survival rate will be affected.

Cultivation technique

plant

Before planting, it is necessary to dig the soil deeply, and apply 1000 kg of decomposed fertilizer or manure and 50 kg of superphosphate per mu of combined land preparation. Before planting, plow once again, flatten and rake fine, 

make 1.3 meters wide flat bed, 40 cm wide furrow, and open good drainage ditch around.

Combined with the harvest of ophiopogon. Choose sunny evening or cloudy day planting, in the whole cardigan surface, according to the row spacing 15-20 cm horizontal trench, about 5 cm deep, according to the plant spacing 

8-10 cm planting seedlings 3. You can't plant too deep or too shallow. Too deep, difficult to produce seedlings, and easy to produce tall seedlings, low yield; Too shallow, the root is exposed to the outside, easy to sun death or 

collapse, affecting the survival rate. Plant the seedlings vertically close to the ditch wall, so that the root is vertical, not bending, otherwise it is not easy to root at the ditch wall. After planting, cover the soil and press tightly, so 

that the root and the soil are close, and then use your feet to clamp down on the seedlings, so that the seedlings are upright and stable. Immediately after planting, water the root once to facilitate early growth of new roots.

Manage and protect

About 15 days after planting, ophiopogon returned to green, found dead seedlings in time to remove, choose cloudy days or evening replanting. After 15 days after planting, the soil must be loosened and weeded once, and 

then every 1 month or half a month on sunny days to promote early tillering of seedlings and multiple roots. After October, it is appropriate to loosen the soil shallow, do not hurt the roots. Ophiopogon plants are short, so there 

should be no weeds in the field and grass wasteland should be avoided.

Ophiopogon likes fertilizer, and rational topdressing of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is the key to increase yield of ophiopogon. Generally, topdressing 3 times a year, the first time in July, each mu into human and animal 

manure water 2500 kg, cooked cake fertilizer 50 kg; The second time in early August, 3,000 kg of animal manure water, 80 kg of fermented cake fertilizer and 150 kg of stove ash were applied per mu; The third time in early November, 

3,000 kg of animal manure water, 50 kg of cake fertilizer and 50 kg of superphosphate were applied per mu to promote root growth and hypertrophy.

The water demand is large in the growing period of Ophiopogon, the temperature rises after the beginning of summer, the evaporation increases, and the water should be irrigated in time. In case of dry weather in winter and spring, 

irrigation 1-2 times before the beginning of spring to promote root growth and development.

Ophiopogon likes wet environment and can be intercropped during planting. It is better to intercrop maize in summer and autumn, which can reduce the direct glare of strong eyes and is conducive to the growth of ophiopogon. 

In winter and spring, garlic is intercropped in some places, but at this time, the underground stem of Liopogon is expanding and developing, and it is generally not good

harvest

Ophiopogon is harvested in early and mid-April of the second or third year after planting. Choose sunny days with a plow to plow the soil 25cm, so that ophiopogon turned out, shake off the soil, cut the roots and roots, respectively, 

put in the basket, put the water with feet to wash clean sand. Put the washed Liopogon stall on the sun mat or sun, dry and then gently rub with your hands, and then sun, so repeated several times until you rub off the roots, sieve to 

remove impurities. In case of overcast and rainy days, it can be used for 40℃-50℃ gentle roasting for 10-20 hours, take it out for a few days, and then dry it until it is completely dry, and screen out impurities. Generally can yield about 

150 kg of dry ophiopogon per mu, high yield up to 250 kg. Ophiopogon ophiopogon has large and long grain, ribbed shape and solid yellow and white flesh.

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