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Plantain Seed

A perennial herb of the genus Plantain. The leaf blade is ovate, the front end of the leaf blade is pointed or blunt, and the base of the leaf blade is gradually narrowed into a stalk, and the length of the blade is equal to that of the leaf blade. The flower pavilion is hairy, the flowers are light green, the bracts are triangular, the corolla is tubular ovate, and the style is striped. The fruit is conical; The seeds are small and dark brown. April to October flowering. The plantain plant gets its name because it grows on the wasteland in front of the chariot.

Plantain production in Inner Mongolia, more production, native species, are distributed throughout China, the Korean Peninsula, Japan, Malaysia, Indonesia and South Asia also have. Plantain likes warm moist, sunny environment, more cold-resistant, the soil requirements are not strict, the general land, field, front and back of the house can grow. Plantain is propagated in seed and emerges in early spring.

It has diuretic effect and antihypertensive effect. It also has antitussive effect; The water extract of psyllium has inhibitory effect on the skin fungi such as Nocardia stellata, microspora lanoides and Trichomonas communis. The efficacy of plantain was recorded in Shennong's Materia Medica Classic, Famous Doctors' Records and Compendium of Materia Medica. 

History of botany

The plantain plant gets its name because it grows on the wasteland in front of the chariot. The Book of Songs ・ Plantain 苢 is written on plantain, plantain 苢 the common name plantain, that is, plantain plantain.

Morphological characteristics

A perennial herb of the genus Plantain.

Stem and leaf

Many fibrous roots. Rhizome short, slightly thick. Basal leaves rosette, supine, obliquely spread or erect; Leaf blade thinly papery or papery, broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, 4-12 cm long, 2.5-6.5 cm wide, apex obtuse 

to acute, margin undulate, whole margin or below middle serrate, dentate or schizodentate, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, more or less downward, both surfaces sparsely pubescent, petiole equal in length to 

leaf blade; Veins 5-7; Petiole 2-15 (-27) cm long, base extended into a sheath, sparsely pubescent.

flowers

Flower pavilions hairy, pale green flowers, inflorescences 3-10, erect or arcing upward; Inflorescence peduncle 5-30 cm long, longitudinally striped, sparsely white pubescent; Spikes fine cylindrical, 3-40 cm long, dense or 

sparse, often interrupted below; Bracts narrow ovate-triangular or triangular-lanceolate, 2-3 mm long, excessively broad, keel process broad, glabrous or apex sparsely short hairs. Flowers short peduncle; Calyx 2-3 mm long, 

sepal apex obtuse or obtuse, keel process does not extend to apex, front to sepal elliptic, keel process wider, lateral plates slightly asymmetrical, posterior to sepal broadly obovate oval or obovate. Corolla tubular ovate, white, 

glabrous, coronal tube about equal in length to sepals, lobes narrowly triangular, ca. 1.5 mm long, apex acuminate or acute, with distinct midvein, recurved after flower. Stamens are located on inner surface of coronal tube near 

base, with style conspicuously protruding, style striped, antherm ovate-elliptic, 1-1.2 mm long, apex with broad triangular protruding, white, pale brown after drying. Ovule 7-15 (-18).

Fruits and seeds

Capsule fusiform ovate, ovoid, or conical ovate, 3-4.5 mm long, perifid above base. Seeds 5-6 (-12), fine, ovate-elliptic or elliptic, (1.2-) 1.5-2 mm long, angular, dark brown to black, dorsoventral slightly raised; The cotyledon 

is arranged dorsoventrally. Flowering period from April to August, fruit period from June to September.

Distribution range

Plantain production all over China, more production, It is distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong (Paiya Mountain (Wang Guodong, et al. 6790), Qiliang Mountain, Nanao (Zhang Shouzhou, et al. 0848), Kuiyong, Maluan Mountain, Wutong Mountain (Li Peiqiong, et al. 1721) and Luohu District Forest Fruit Farm, Xianhu Botanical Garden, Shajing, Neilingding Island), Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet and other places. It is born in grassland, ditch side, riverbank wetland, field side, roadside or village side, at an altitude of 3-3200 meters. It is also found in Korea, Russia (Far East), Japan, Nepal, Malaysia, Indonesia, and South Asia.

Growing environment

Plantain has strong adaptability, likes warm, moist and sunny environment, and is more tolerant to cold and drought. Soil requirements are not strict, generally the land, field, front and back of the house can grow, 

in warm, humid, sunny, sandy soil can grow well, in the range of 20-24℃ can grow normally, when the temperature exceeds 32℃, there will be slow growth, gradually wilt until the whole plant dies, the soil is slightly 

acidic sandy alluvial loam is better. April to October flowering.

Cultivation and propagation

Seeding and propagation

Plantain is propagated in seed and emerges in early spring. Use seeding to propagate. The suitable time for sowing is late July. The seedbed should first be under the melon and yam trellis. The seed amount of 667 

square meters in the field is 40 to 50 grams, and the seedling bed area is 10 square meters. After leveling the seedbed, pour water and mix the seeds evenly with fine sand. After sowing, cover the fine soil thinly, and 

then cover with wet straw to moisturize and help seedling emergence. After 60% emergence, remove the cover grass, and then cover it with a sunshade net to cool and moisturize the seedlings. The seedling age is 

30-35 days, and 4-5 full-leaf strong seedlings are cultivated.

Transplanting

The suitable time for transplantation was late August to early September. Before transplanting 150 grams of landolamine to 50 kg of water per 667 square meters, spray wet topsoil to control weeds. Transplant before 

the white dew in the overcast afternoon. Each bed is planted in 4 rows, the specification is 30 cm *20 cm, each hole is planted with soil seedling, 8500-9000 plants per 667 square meters.

After planting, the root water containing 0.2% urea was poured. On the second day after planting, if it is sunny and dry, water should be poured in the evening to wet the border.

Fertilize

1. The first topdressing, 7 days after the frost, 5 kg of urea per 667 square meters, 1000 kg of water pouring; After 10 days chase the second fertilizer (the same amount as before), attack the early stage to good seedlings. 

About 25 days after planting, borax 100-150 grams, methamidophos 150 grams, 50 kg of water for foliar spraying, promote ear flower differentiation, prevent aphids harm. Before and after October 1, it is required to be 

more than 20 cm high and more than 10 cm wide. Each plant has about 10 large leaves. Promote multiple and grow ear, lay a good foundation for high yield.

2. Entering the heading period, it is necessary to control the application of nitrogen fertilizer to prevent excessive nutrient growth. In case of drought, appropriate irrigation can be used to combat drought. Every 667 

square meters can apply 50 to 100 kilograms of grass and wood ash, accelerate the operation of nutrients, enhance the cold resistance in the later period. In mid-October, the average daily temperature is about 20℃, 

which is conducive to flowering and pollination. Before flowering, 100~150 grams of borax per 667 square meters, 4 spritzes of borax, 20 grams of 10% pyrifolin, 150 grams of 50% carbazam, 50 kilograms of water spray, 

improve insemination and podding rate, prevent insect damage, late October to early November, sufficient sunshine, large temperature difference between day and night, the daily average temperature of about 15℃, 

favorable grouting mature, After flowering every 667 square meters with 150-200 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10% of pyridinoline 20 grams, spray on 50 kg of water leaf surface, promote the seeds, 

prevent aphids harm. From mid to late November to early December, 2/3 of the ears turn yellow and can be divided into stages and batches. When the dew dries in the morning, the ripe ears are harvested, the ears are 

dried, the shells are blown and the seeds are dried.

3. The crop should choose the idle land after the harvest of early peanut and autumn soybean (August yellow), or the autumn idle field after the harvest of early rice. Every 667 square meters to spread cattle and pig 

manure 2000-3000 kg, plus boron compound fertilizer 40-50 kg, or borax 1 kg as the base fertilizer. Ploughing, raking, leveling after the cardigan, cardigan width 1.2 meters, the length is not limited. Ditch width 30 cm, 

ditch depth 20 cm, autumn and winter drought need irrigation, spring and summer rain must be drained.

Harvest

Psyllium is mature in stages, generally around the Dragon Boat Festival, the seeds are yellow and black, and they are harvested while maturing. It is better to harvest on sunny days.

Kiyota

After the harvest of the first season, the garden should be thoroughly cleaned in sunny days after frost in mid-December, and all the withered and old leaves, diseased leaves and dead ears at the base of plantago plants 

should be removed and destroyed outside the field. Leave six to seven normal heart leaves per plant. Immediately after clearing the garden with 50% carbendazim 200 grams, 150 grams of galore, 667 square meters of 

water 50 kilograms of comprehensive spray, disease control and insect control.

Process

Cut the stalk of Psyllium with sickle, put it in the indoor pile for 1-2 days, and then put it in the sun, under the bamboo drying mat. After drying, rub with hands, remove debris, screen the seeds with a sieve, and then use 

a windmill to shell, you can sell.

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