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herba andrographitis seeds

Andrographis paniculata, an annual plant of the genus Andrographis in the euphorbiaceae family. The stems and branches of Andrographis paniculata are quadrangular, multi-branched, brittle in texture and easy to break; Leaves grow in pairs, petiole short or subsessile, leaf spread lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, whole margin or shallowly undulate; Green above, grayish green below, smooth on both sides; Panicle terminal or axillary corolla lavender white, lip shaped, upper lip curved, lower lip erect; The fruit is oblong to linear on both sides, with a longitudinal groove in the center. Andrographis paniculata blooms from May to September and bears fruit from July to October. [8] The theory of the five elements of traditional Chinese medicine holds that the bitter enters the heart, and as long as a person contains a small leaf of Andrographis paniculata, he can experience the bitter to the heart, hence the name "Andrographis paniculata".

Andrographis paniculata is native to tropical areas such as India and Southeast Asia, born in hot and humid plain and hilly areas, mainly produced in Guangdong and Fujian, and is now introduced and cultivated in north and south parts of the Yangtze River. Andrographis paniculata likes high temperature, wet and sunny environment. It is better to cultivate in fertile, loose, well-drained, slightly acidic or neutral sandy loam or loam soil. Andrographis paniculata is mainly propagated by seeds and can also be propagated by cuttings.

Andrographis paniculata first published in "Lingnan Medicine Collection", bitter taste, cold, efficacy of clearing heat and detoxification, anti-inflammatory and detumescence. Treat throat inflammation, dysentery, can also solve snake venom, has high medicinal value. Andrographis paniculata extract used in cosmetics, has the effect of inhibiting fungi, bacteria, skin protection, acne, acne and other skin diseases have a therapeutic effect. Andrographis paniculata is one of the Chinese herbs that are in short supply. Easy cultivation, quick effect, high yield, large benefit, there are very good economic benefits.

History of botany

The theory of the five elements of Chinese medicine believes that the bitter heart, as long as a person contains a small leaf of Andrographis paniculata, you can experience the bitter to the heart, so the name "Andrographis 

paniculata".

Morphological characteristics

An annual herb. Stem 50-80 cm tall, 4-sided, lower part multi-branched, nodes enlarged.

Leaves elliptic to elliptic lanceolate, 4-8 cm long and 1-2.5 cm wide, slightly obtuse at the tip.

Leaves smaller on axis of inflorescence, terminal and axillary racemes, integrated large panicles; Bracteoles and bracteoles are minute, about 1 mm long; Calyx lobes triangular lanceolate, ca. 3 mm long, glandular hairs and 

microhairs; Corolla small and white, lower lip with purple streaked, about 12 mm long, outer glandular hair and pubescent, 2 labiate, upper lip slightly 2 lobed, lower lip 3 deeply lobed, corolla tube and lip lobe equal length; 

Stamen 2, anther 2 cells, one cell base and filamentous side.

Capsule oblate, sulcate, ca. 10 mm long, sparsely glandular hairs; Seeds 12, square, wrinkled.

Habitat of origin

It is commonly cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi and Yunnan, and introduced in Jiangsu and Shaanxi. Probably South Asian in origin. It is also cultivated in Australia. [1] Andrographis paniculata likes high 

temperature, humidity and sunny environment, and is born under and on the edge of forests at an altitude of 100-200m.

Planting technique

Select the land to prepare the land

Andrographis paniculata prefers hot and humid climates. Love sunshine, love fat. The optimum temperature for seed germination and seedling growth was 25-30℃, and the growth was slow when the temperature dropped 

to 15-20℃. The temperature drops to about 8℃, and the growth stops; In the event of low temperature of about 0℃ or frost, the plants will wither. Fertile, loose, well drained acidic and neutral sandy loam soil is suitable for 

cultivation, pH8.0 alkaline soil can still grow normally.

Seed propagation

Seedling transplanting method or live method, dragon to seedling transplanting method. When the fruits are brown in September and October, pick them in batches before the dew is dry in the morning, put them in the shade 

for a few days after ripening, cover them with a cover to avoid seed bounce loss, and sieve the peel to obtain the seeds after all the fruit pods are cracked. The seeds of Andrographis paniculata are small, with a 1000-grain 

weight of 0.93-1.52 grams, the seed coat is hard, and there is a layer of subarca, which requires high sowing technology. The seedbed soil is required to be fertile and loose, the rake is smooth and fine, and the seeds should 

be used to remove the seed coat wax with fine sandpaper or sand before sowing, then soaked in warm water, and then placed in a 30℃ temperature box to promote germination, and then sown, in Guangdong, Fujian and 

other places in the spring from late February to early March; Autumn seeds are sown in raised beds in July. In Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Sichuan, hotbed seedlings were raised in mid-late March and cold bed seedlings were raised 

in April. In North China and Northwest China, greenhouses should be in the upper and middle of March, hotbeds in early April, sunny beds in mid-April, and plastic greenhouses should be sown on April 15-20. Seedling bed 

management is mainly about controlling temperature and humidity. Always keep the seedbed moist before emergence, and the relative humidity in the border should be 70%-80%. After seedling emergence, soil moisture 

should be controlled to prevent cataplexy. The seedlings are 6-7 cm tall and can be transplanted when there are 3-4 pairs of true leaves. Live broadcast should not be carried out earlier than mid-April or late April in Jiangsu 

and Zhejiang, mid-April to early May in Sichuan, and mid-May in Beijing. Cultivation is best divided into seed fields (for seed harvesting) and commercial fields (for harvesting whole grass for medicinal purposes) two kinds. 

Seed fields should be transplanted from May to early June, with rows spaced 50-65 cm apart and plants spaced 30-35 cm apart. Commercial fields can be planted in late May to early June, row spacing of 25-33 cm, plant 

spacing of 16-20 cm, 105,000-195,000 plants per hectare.

Field management

It is mainly timely watering, to facilitate the seedlings to take new roots, after every 15-20d weeding, topdressing 1 times, topdressing to nitrogen fertilizer, can flow human and livestock manure water, urea, especially in 6, 7, 8 

months field management is very important, to apply more nitrogen fertilizer, often watering and so on. When the plant height is 30-40 cm, it can cultivate soil to prevent wind damage.

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